Neurophysiology Lab Report Essay Sample free essay sample

Activity 1: 1. What was your ascertained threshold electromotive force?Our ascertained threshold electromotive force at 3 V at a individual stimulation. 1. How does this following comparison to the 1 that was generated at threshold electromotive force? When we increased the threshold by 0. 5 V the tracing was indistinguishable to the original 3 V threshold. 1. What grounds can you give for your reply?There needed to be a more important difference for there to be a large adequate alteration in the threshold electromotive force.1. At what electromotive force did you no longer detect an addition in the extremum of the action possible hint. We no longer observed an addition in extremum of action possible hint at the 3. 5 Voltage. Activity 2-4: 1. What did you detect when the glass rod contacted the nervus? When the glass rod contacted the nervus there was an instant warp of the line. There was action potency on the osciloscope. 1. How does this following comparison with the other tracings you have generated? The tracing was the exact same result as the other tracings except there was no added electromotive force merely the add-on of the glass rod. We will write a custom essay sample on Neurophysiology Lab Report Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. What did you detect when the het glass rod contacted the nervus? There was an instant warp of the line similar to the line caused by the non-heated glass rod. 4. How does this hint comparison to the hint that we generated with the unwarmed glass rod?The tracing of the het glass rod on the nervus was somewhat a spot higher at its’ maximal extremum and somewhat lower at the lowest extremum than the tracing of of the non heated glass rod. 5. What did you detect when you added Na chloride and hydrochloric acid solutions to the nervus?Once sodium chloride and hydrochloric acerb solutions were added to the nervus there was a warp of the line and caused action potency.1. Sum up your experimental consequences: What kinds of stimulations can arouse an action potency?Any stimulations that can make above the 3 Voltage can arouse an action potency. Activity 5: 1. What are the effects of quintessence on the nervus?The effects of the quintessence on the nervus is that it causes the nervus to hold no action potency.1. How long did it take for the nervus to return to normal?It took the nervus 6 proceedingss to return back to normal. Activity 6: 1. What consequence did adding tubocurarine have on the action potency? The consequence of adding tubocurarine was that it created action potency to the nervus.1. Explain this consequence.The consequence of tubocurarine is paralysing the action potency of the nervus. It interferes with the neuromuscular junction. it interferes with the Acetyl Choline and it depolarizes it. 1. What do you believe would be the overall consequence of tubocurarine on the being The overrall consequence of the tubocurarine on the being is that it prevents the flow nerve cell urges from nerve cell to neuron. Activity 7: 1. Department of energies adding Lidocaine to the nervus generate an action potency? No. adding Lidocaine does non bring forth action potency.1. Explain why Lidocaine has this consequence on nervus fibre transmittal. Lidocaine is a sodium channel adversary that neutralizes the action potency of nervus and prevents the Na channels from opening. Activity 8: Record Your Data: Nerve|Earthworm ( little ) |Frog( medium. myelinated ) |Rat nerve 1( medium. unmyelinated ) |Rat nerve 2 ( big. myelinated ) |Threshold voltage|5. 0 V|3. 0 V|3. 0 V|3. 0 V|Elapsed clip from stimulation to action potential|5 m/sec|1. 61 m/sec|2. 53 m/sec|1. 0 m/sec| Conduction velocity|8. 60 m/sec|26. 71 m/sec|17. 00 m/sec|45. 74 m/sec| 1. Which nervus in the group has the slowest conductivity speed? The angleworm had the slowest conductivity speed.1. Which nervus of the four has the fastest conductivity speed? The rat nervus 2 had the fastest conductivity speed.1. Explain the relationship between nervus size and conductivity speed. The smaller the nervus size the slower the conductivity speed. The larger the nervus size the faster the conductivity speed. 1. What are the physiological grounds for this relationship? The physiological grounds for this relationship are the larger the axon’s diameter is. the less opposition there is for the flow of currents and hence countries can be brought to the threshold faster. 1. What are the effects of myelination on conductivity speed? Myelination speeds up the conductivity speed.1. What are the physiological grounds for you decision?The physiological grounds for our decision is that it provides insularity and allows the current to be faster.7. What are the evolutionary advantages achieved by the myelination of nerve cells? The evolutionary advantages achieved by myelination of nerve cells is that you can pack more power in smaller infinites with medullated nerve cells.

Managing People and Organization

Managing People and Organization Abstract Sweeping changes threaten to make yesterday’s managers outdated while an awareness of the changes and how to take advantage of them offer tomorrow’s managers countless opportunities. From the extensive research on corporate culture, the challenges and barriers facing new managers wishing to change an existing organizational culture are identified.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing People and Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These managers are vulnerable to different environments, national cultures, organizational trends and organizational behaviors adopted in particular firms. Embedded in this research is the fact that people enter into organizations carrying cultures of the surrounding communities that also influence the existing corporate cultures. As a matter of fact therefore, the managers are tasked with learning the societal cultures especially when most of the firms h ave internationalized their operations. This paper points out that the changing social and cultural environments are exposing managers to numerous challenges related to organizational culture. A manager seeking to change an already changing culture has the responsibility of shifting the changes towards the core initiative. It is noted that the force of nature exerts much pressure on organizations to the disadvantage of management initiatives. That is, if globalization is the trend towards winning competitive advantages, managers have no other option but to develop a culture that responds to such changes. Again, if technology adoption is the answer to successful business, then it must be a priority to the management. Unfortunately, very few corporate cultures will support such initiatives and hence high resistance towards such changes. This paper provides an extensive discussion on the difficulty of changing an existing culture that is characterized by developmental changes over time . Introduction Sweeping changes threaten to make yesterday’s managers outdated. However, an awareness of the changes and how to take advantage of them offer tomorrow’s managers countless opportunities. Even though the nature of managerial function varies across organizations and changes continually, one general thread pervades nearly all managerial activities: interacting with different people. Therefore, the behavior of people and management process in firms are clearly intertwined (Scheffknecht, 2011, p.76). This paper relates the wider field of management to the specific area of organizational culture. It argues that a new leader coming into an organization will have a difficulty in changing an existing organizational culture. In that respect, the paper explores the three important environments that are considered important in changing organizational culture: social and cultural environment, global environment and technological environment.Advertising Lookin g for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Social and cultural environment Organizational culture and the general social and cultural environments can be considered to interlock in that people enter organizations from surrounding societies and bring their culture and social life with them. Therefore, the changing social and cultural environment influences corporate culture and is a big challenge to managers endeavoring to change the culture. Forces in this environment are those that effect changes in how people live and work. Mohanty and Rath (2012) think that managers must be responsive to those changes that take place in the surrounding societies as they affect all aspects of corporate culture, yet new managers will have little knowledge about those changes. For instance, new leaders are tasked with the development of corporate ethics and well-being in order to initiate change. Sims (2009) consider s corporate ethics as one element of corporate culture that is hard to change, as ethics are defined differently by individual organizations. No wonder huge ethical scandals such as Enron and Hewlett-Packard have plagued hundreds of United States firms. Unethical behaviors damages firm’s reputation and cost the firm the goodwill of employees and customers. Moreover, the losses could lead to financial and economic damage of the firm. Managers who wish to change such a culture are required to establish an ethical code that defines acceptable behaviors and develop a framework of rewards and punishments to implement ethical codes. However, to some firms, social or ethical responsibility means doing any action provided that it is legal. In such a culture, developing a code of ethics that helps the firm to protect their reputation and ensure the goodwill of employees and customers is hard for a newcomer. As Sims (2009) notes the challenge is to build an organizational culture where members oppose the temptation to act in ethical manners that promote individual interests at the cost of the firm or promote the interest of the firm at the cost of the society. Indeed, many executives have been unable to take effective measures when confronted by an ethical scandal. For example, Citigroup suffered dearly from a scandal and the executives could only chose corporate silence in order to maintain the reputation of the company (York, Gumbus and Lilley, 2009). Workforce diversity is also a big challenge to managers wishing to change an existing organizational culture. In as much as an organization is legally and socially committed, it must include employees from different diverse environments. However, some organizations are not sensitive to the diversity issue while others have overemphasized on the issue. As a matter of fact, the number of women and minorities being hired by firms is increasing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing People and Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The demographic composition of workers has changed considerably as more female workers and minorities enter the workforce. This means that new managers must address this factor when changing organizational culture. Studies have shown that workforce diversity is an important resource to improve performance and that quality of decision making is richer and broader in terms of diverse employees (Moran, Harris Moran, 2010). While this is an important consideration to managers, some existing organizational cultures discourage such efforts to an extent of justifying that diversification lowers the quality of management. Such believe makes it difficult for managers to change the culture as it requires the commitment of both the manager and employees. Global environment The global business environment is changing drastically thus requiring new approaches to business (Brakman, 2006, p.9). Apart from the changes in regulations, diversity and consumer behaviors, the global economic factors have experienced significant economic changes thus influencing organization cultures greatly. For many organizations, the focus is to create a culture that might improve competitive advantages and eventually the profitability in a threatening economic environment. Therefore, the organizational cultures that are witnessed today have nothing to do with the traditional emphasis on aligning corporate cultures with national cultures. Firms including small-to-medium enterprises (SME) are internationalizing their operations in search for business opportunities (Schuler, 2000). As a matter of fact, today’s managers are challenged by a myriad of factors stemming from the changing global environment. First, as noted earlier, cultural differences influence corporate culture in different countries. Management functions directed to corporate culture become more complex as the firm’s activitie s expand internationally, and coordination of organizational and decision-making issues becomes significantly difficult (Moran, Harris Moran, 2010). Managers fight in vain to create a corporate culture that balances between the needs of the foreign markets and the impact of the cultural disparities on important organization issues such as evaluation, compensation packages and promotion policies. Second, understanding global difference is a challenge to new managers in appreciating the changing global environment. There are issues related to understanding corporate behavior in diverse global settings. Corporate culture becomes especially complicated at global level since desires, attitudes and values of employees differ across countries (Moran, Harris Moran, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Again, the issues of coordinating activities to match organizational environment become more complicated as firms expand internationally. In addition, many organizations are locating in a specific region because this permits them to increase efficiency, but in this manner, also affects on corporate culture. Third, global learning or the process of attaining and learning the knowledge, skills and corporate behaviors that have helped organizations abroad to become strongly positioned in the global market is also a challenge to new managers. For this challenge, managers will be required to create a corporate culture that might allow the firm to rotate employees to other foreign operations in order to learn the opportunities and problems that lie overseas. Apparently, this is difficult for the managers and costly to the firm. No wonder many researches on expatriation have pointed the key challenge to successful expatriation as the capacity of the organization to create a culture that ar ms the employees with the necessary skills and knowledge to fit in foreign cultures (du Plessis Beaver, 2008; Franke Nicholson, 2002). Technological environment One element of organizational culture that firms have focused on is innovation. Almost every organization creates a culture that might make the employees more creative. The most significant driver to innovation is information technology (IT) and its integration in business operations. In as much as IT is important to organizational activities, it poses a major challenge to today’s managers (Cronley Patterson, 2010). They have no other alternative but to involve IT when changing the organizational culture. In order to promote organizational learning and create knowledge, they must use IT to define, acquire, arrange, organize, input, manipulate, transmit and store information. Organizational learning can only occur if the employees can manage knowledge and information to attain a better understanding of the need to c hange. Regarding technology Melitski, Gavin and Joanne (2010) shed a light on organizational culture and its adoption. According to them, organizations are increasingly operating in uncertain, decentralized, networked environments, where adoption of IT has become essential to organizational change (p.546). Indeed, organizational cultures institutionary shape the way in which firms choose to use technology. The researchers also showed that there are environmental factors which influence employee’s willingness to adopt new technology (p.563). When the organizational culture is supportive, the probability of adoption is substantially higher. Employees who work in firms where work is well organized, their opinions are considered and they are well informed about the relevant issues in the firm will likely be more willing to adopt new technologies. Unfortunately, many organizations do not have a supportive culture that can enhance the willingness of employees to adopt new technolog ies. Recently, changes in organization culture have taken many directions with respect to technology, work and employment relationships. Technology adoption has been associated with downsizing, the growth of temporary workers or contingents, outsourcing and employees no longer spending their full careers with one firm. As a result, new managers have to work with employees whose confidence with the firm is fainted by changes taking place within and hence are likely to resist change. Conclusion Organizational culture change means changing the corporate philosophy, the values and images that tell action and this new approach to understanding the corporate life must be passed into the process of management. The reason why it is difficult to implement change of an existing culture lies in the challenges posed by changes in global, technological, social and cultural environments. References Brakman, S 2006, Nations and firms in the global economy: an introduction to international economic s and business. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Cronley, C Patterson, D 2010, â€Å"How well does it fit? An organizational culture approach to assessing technology use among homeless service providers.† Administration in Social Work, vol. 34 no. 3, pp.286-303. du Plessis, A Beaver, B 2008, â€Å"The changing role of human resource managers for international assignments.† International Review of Business Research Papers, vol.4 no.5, pp.166-181. Franke, J Nicholson, N 2002, â€Å"Who shall we send? Cultural and other influences on the rating of selection criteria for expatriate assignments.† International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, vol. 2 no.1, pp. 21-36. Melitski, J, Gavin, D Gavin, J 2010, â€Å"Technology adoption and organizational culture in public organizations.† International Journal of Organization Theory Behavior, vol. 13 no. 4, pp.546-568. Mohanty, J Rath, B 2012, â€Å"Influence of organizational culture on organizationa l citizenship behavior.† Global Journal of Business Research, vol.6 no.1, pp.65-76. Moran, R, Harris, P Moran, S 2010, Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for Cross-Cultural Business Success. Routledge, New York. Scheffknecht, S 2011, â€Å"Multinational enterprise-organizational culture vs. national culture.† International Journal of Management Cases, vol. 13 no. 4, pp.73-78. Schuler, R 2000, â€Å"The internationalization of human resource management.† Journal of International Management, vol.6 no.8, pp.239-260. Sims, R 2009, â€Å"Toward a better understanding of organizational efforts to rebuild reputation following and ethical scandal.† Journal of Business Ethics, vol.90 no. 4, pp.453-472. York, C, Gumbus, A Lilley, S 2008, â€Å"Reading the tea leaves-Did Citigroup risk their reputation during 2004-2005?† Business and Society Review, vol.113 no.4, pp.199-225.

3 quizes about this book Germina zola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

3 quizes about this book Germina zola - Essay Example In the 19th century, women were viewed in different perspectives compared to the current situation now, and such differences played a cognitive role amongst women who participated in the literary aspects of that time. In Emile Zolas â€Å"Germinal,† women integrated well into three general categories: the first and most essential category is the maternal responsibility of motherly behavior. ‘La Maheude’, one of the main characters depicts maternal influence in the story, and has encompassed both motherly instinct and forte. As an affectionate mother, La Maheude plays a crucial task for providing for her family by establishing and enhancing new sources of income, and shaping up the essence of the subsequent generation in the society. In this perspective, bearing and nurturing children becomes a very essential job (Colin, 48). When they are still young, a mother is liable to mold and influence their behaviors so as to shape-up very hard-working and trust-worthy memb ers of the society. As they finally grow old enough to go to their occupations, their misappropriation of resources from their younger days transforms them into being the bread winners in the family. The second group is that of the woman determined towards pushing for equality amongst men, and Emile Zola has granted them fallout in their incapability of resisting from the featured males counterparts. Catherine and Chaval for instance, have a long-term relationship with a broad sense of male-chauvinism. It is evident from the story that Catherine could not stand firm against sexual advances from Chaval who was constantly abusing her. The final category is that of the working class women who turned out to be mistresses. For example, La Pierronne husband is conversant of his wife’s infidelity but later uses it to his own advantage. It is evident in this perspective that she slept with men whereby his husband was fully aware of having the ability to reimburse increased rent, and obtain some goods in

Community Care for Health Professionals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Community Care for Health Professionals - Essay Example Social service providers are required by the Carers (Equal Opportunities) Act 2004, to educate carers about the right to an assessment. Under the Carers (Recognition and Services) Act 1995, Rena can seek an assessment programme to determine whether she can provide or continue to provide care for her husband. Local authorities can make assessments on the basis of legislation that addresses the issues such as Part III NAA, s.2 of the Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970 or Schedule 8 of the National Health Services Act 2006. While making such assessments, the needs of the carers must be considered (Great Britain, National Health Services Act 2006 ). The Children Act 1989 provides voluntary and preventative measures that help to maintain the integrity of families. S.17 imposes a general duty on the local authorities that requires them to promote the welfare of children in need. They must ensure that the families of these children take adequate care of them (Great Britain, Chil dren Act 1989). Moreover, this duty also applies to the provision of service plans for children. Section 18 of the Children Act 1989 imposes a duty of care on local authorities with regard to preschool and other children. As such, local authorities are duty bound to extend these services to children in the age group of five years or less than five years, within their operational jurisdiction. They are also under a duty to take care of children who have not joined or who do not attend schools (Great Britain, CA 1989 ). Schedule 2(8) and (9) specify the services to be provided to children in need. These include advice, guidance, counseling, and help at home. S.17(10) provides the definition of a child in need (Great Britain, CA 1989). In the case of Chloe and Lily, their parents are in hospital under the care of their grandmother. The latter had found it difficult to take care of these children who were very young. In addition to this, her husband was ill. This is the situation of the ir family, and obviously, the children can be deemed to be children in need.

In this assignment you will create your own original argument about Essay

In this assignment you will create your own original argument about how your chosen text portrays the relationship between the u - Essay Example In the novel, crime takes place on the dark side of the city where the environment was conducive to crime. In fact, it is ironical that the detective Sherlock Holmes lives in the comfortable area of the city in Baker Street while he solves crimes that occur on the other side of the city. The detective in the story offers an intricate link between the two faces of the city of London. Although the author of A Study in Scarlet grew up in Edinburgh, he chose the city of London as the main setting for his story. London provided a setting in which the differences in men and society would be evident in the Victorian society. The city of London offered multiple layers of being that represented several classes in the society. Essentially, the city was a backdrop of the differences in the society and the occurrences that took place. For instance, there were the dark isolated alleys, the lack of gas lights and the topographical setting that provided the perfect environment for crime. These circ umstances enormously increased the crime rates and thus a perfect setting for crime solving by the detective Sherlock Holmes in A Study in Scarlet (Doyle 25). However, the other side of London, Baker Street, was an uptown suburb which was safe and well developed. It is evident that the city of London provided two seemingly different environments which espoused the conflict between the dark side of the city and the civilized world haven of Baker Street. Sherlock Holmes in A Study in Scarlet creates the link between the two sides. One of the evident connections between the urban environment and the characters in A Study in Scarlet is the portrayal of the detective Sherlock Holmes. The detective considers himself to be special and unique. He tells Watson that â€Å"Well, I have a trade of my own. I suppose I am the only one in the world. I’m a consulting detective† (23). This implies that Sherlock Holmes thinks very highly of himself. The detective sets himself apart from the society by living in high-end Baker Street. It is also symbolic that he lives in an apartment that was above the city from where he could easily observe all the happenings in the streets below. This further segregated him from the common masses in London and cemented his position as an outsider of the London society. Holmes is also individualistic and prefers to stay alone most of the time. Thus, the setting of his apartment in Baker Street offered him a serene environment where he could comfortably enjoy solitude. Watson notes that sometimes Sherlock Holmes could stay weeks on end in his apartment in Baker Street. He notes that Sherlock Holmes could â€Å"lie upon the sofa in the sitting-room, hardly uttering a word or moving a muscle from morning to night† (19). It is evident that the character used the serene urban environment offered by Baker Street to spend his time. Besides, the setting of Sherlock Holmes apartment was critical for his success as a detective. In fa ct, he may not have able to concentrate and lead his preferred chosen lifestyle had he been staying in the dark alleys of the other side of the city. The other reason why the city of London was an enabler of crime is its topographical setting. The urban setting of A Study in Scarlet offers the perfect environment for the emergence of the theme of crime. Due to the rapid expansion of the houses, the city became a labyrinth since there was no element of planning. People were affected by the dark alleys and passages that donned

Stages Of Purchase Decision Making Process Marketing Essay

Stages Of Purchase Decision Making Process Marketing Essay Introduction Market research helps the organization to bring the data which make sense of the organizational performance. Moreover, the successful marketer has focused on the market research to bring the information which is applied in the marketing activities. Therefore, the organization become becomes stable when the marketing activities are successful (Kumar, 2010).. However, the competitive advantage is increased due to the successful inauguration of the marketing plan. For an example, the Proctor Gamble is operating huge market research to strengthen the marketing activities which brought the larger market share. Through this paper the key concepts of marketing research will be merged with the different marketing activities. 1. Requirement One 1.1 Stages of Purchase Decision Making Process Here the purchase decision making process is directly concerned with the final consumer purchase decision making process and the consumer purchase decision is differs in the particular products to products. For example, the buying behavior of toothpaste is different from i-pod. However, the purchase decision process has five stages which are reflected in the following figure one. http://www.seo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Consumer-Research-Process1.png Figure One: Purchase Decision Stage, Source: Jeannet and Hennessey, (2011) This figure is suggesting that, consumers go through all of the stages when they need to purchase (Jeannet and Hennessey, 2011). For an example, when a customer need to purchase a Mobile phone, he/she needs to have need awareness, then move to the information search in the mobile market, then make evaluation between alternatives, then make purchase, finally he/she express the post purchase behavior which reflect the positive or negative feedback. 1.2 Theories of Buyer Behavior in Terms of Individual and Market The buying behavior of the consumers differs in the different market and for that reason exper developed different theories of consumer buying behavior. According to Czinkota and Ronkainen, (2012), there are four theories of the buying behavior which is listed in the following. Complex Buying Behavior: In this situation, consumers have higher involvement in the expensive, risky, purchased infrequently, and highly self-expressive product. Dissonance Reducing Buying Behavior: Highly involvement but seeks little difference between brands. Habitual Buying Behavior: Low involvement of consumers but little brand differences. Variety-Seeking Buying Behavior: Have low consumer involvement but brand difference is significance. 1.3 Factors Affecting Buyer Behavior In the modern market, consumers need to make different buying decision in different condition which is affected by the different factors. However, consumer purchase decision is affected by the culture, society, personality, and psychology. This is listed in the following figure. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkGjiByPFlLnl86NfyEc-ajRGPNbvrgoCB3Tpz_sNpZ8KCa7O1vmnCPvhKeGMZ5CQYcnBEvQ3GjRp56w__cjZ24WywFE_t5-v3bnq_uQRSm9UjLcDyOMyLiAt5a-MP9l9GdunGBxbbwTk/s1600/chart+1.jpg Figure Two: Factors affecting consumer buying behavior. Source: Craig and Douglas, (2009) Cultural: Human behavior is controlled by the culture that is followed by the people and this culture affects purchasing decision. Social: The social structure influences the purchasing behavior of the consumers. Personal: The personal characteristics influence the purchasing decision of the consumers. Psychological: The psychological factors influence the purchasing behavior of consumer like motivation toward purchasing. 1.4 Relationship among Brand Loyalty, Corporate Image, and Repeat Purchasing The brand loyalty, corporate image, and repeat purchasing have strong impact on the competitive advantage of a firm in the highly competitive market. The brand loyalty creates customer loyalty which is resulted the repeat purchasing of the customer Douglas and Craig, (2009). However, the brand loyalty, corporate image, service, price and service quality leads to increase the loyal customer and those loyal customer is the asset of a firm who enhance the brand loyalty and corporate image. The brand loyalty will authentic when the customers have true attitude to make the repeat purchasing. For example, the Pepsi is considered as the true brand loyalties which have the corporate image in the competitive market. 2. Requirement Two 2.1 Types of Market Research Techniques Generally, the market research or the marketing research is designed to collect information to implement in the marketing activities of the firm. Normally, the market research has the two techniques which are listed in the following. Primary Research: The primary research has two ways which is Qualitative and Quantitative research. In qualitative research the research can be designed through the open-ended question and focus groups. However this research technique is used to gather the descriptive information (Dodd, 2008). On the other hand, the quantitative research gathers numerical information to analyze the marketing techniques. The quantitative techniques are done through the surveys. Secondary Research: The secondary research gathers information on the topic which is already published. The secondary research information is gathered from the different institution like trade associations, chamber of commerce, universities, media like newspaper, magazines etc (Dodd, 2008).. 2.2 Source of Secondary Data The secondary data is collected from the different sources which are already published. The secondary research information is already exists. For that reason, the primary data collection is not needed and the secondary information can be gathered from the libraries, public information centre, books, business publication, magazines, newspapers, trade associations, NGOs, banks, real states, insurance companies, wholesalers, manufacturer, regional organsiation, media representatives and many others (Dodd, 2008).. 2.3 Validity and Reliability of Market Research Findings Every research does not require the high level elaboration of study. But, the marketing research needs to conduct the minimum level of study which makes the actual result of the study. The small and informal research background may bring the irrelevant or wrong result (Craig and Douglas, 2009). However, the research validity comes from the data gathering techniques, ethical consideration, and the claims that are done through during the preparation of the research. The research validity may influence greater techniques which mentioned the similarities of other research and opinions. Most of the cases the samples are too small which leads to the poor reliability of the research findings. 2.4 Preparing Marketing Research Plan The marketing research plan is designed to bring the information to implement the current marketing activities. For an example, the market research plan for the Proctor Gamble (PG) has developed to bring out the information of 4.2 billions of customer perception. However, PG has developed the marketing research to justify the brand equity in the market to provide the competitive advantage (Ahmed et al., 2010). For that reason, the company started to cater the consumer to find out the appropriate result and the company has spent tremendous amount of money, effort to bring the innovation. PG knows that, the consumers know about the products which are delivered for the development of the marketing research techniques. PG has successfully handled the market research which brought the appropriate result to determine the marketing result. Now, PG believes that was the only reason why the company is placed in the worlds top one of the brands. 3. Requirement Three 3.1 Market Size Trends within the Market The market size is calculated by the total volume or value of sales in the market and the total volume is calculated through the number of units sold and the amount spent by the customer to have the costs of goods sold. To illustrate this an example of UK book market can be considered, the UK book market is healthy and dynamic market which saw that the market size is upward. In this market, the consumers are the main driver and the publishers need to promote the new writers books rather the old writers (Ahmed et al., 2010). Because, the old writer already captured the market and new writers can expand the market which increase the market size. However, the book market size is also expanding due to non-fiction growth of the products and services which helps to expand the market size. 3.2 Competitor Analysis of Tesco Tesco is the biggest supermarket chain in the UK. The most significant issue is that, the UK supermarket and food retail market is considered as heavily consolidated. In the supermarket chain, the top five supermarket chain has the major market share which is minimum more than five and these companies are Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys, Wm. Morrison, and Somerfield. These five companies have more than 80 percent of the total market share in the UK. However, the competition between these companies is intense and dynamic (Henry, 2011). However, the competition is begins with plan which is set to position in the market, Tesco considers Asda and Wm Morrison low price group who has the strong market influence in the market and Asda is the second largest UKs supermarket chain. Whereas, the Sainsburys and Somerfield are considered as the smaller competitors, which have focus on the higher price. Tesco is the largest supermarket chain and consider all the competitors to set the marketing activities in the market to increase the sales of the product. In the UK supermarket chain, Tesco is holding the 30 percent market share and Asda and Sainsburys has the second and third position which belongs 16 and 17 percent market share respectably (Bagozzi Foxall, 2009). However, the Morrison holding the fourth position which has the 11 percent market shares with the acquisition of the Safeway. The competitor Somerfield has the 6 percent market share for the fifth position. 3.3 Opportunities and Threats for Asda Asda is a second largest supermarket of UKs supermarket chain, which have currently booming position in the supermarket chain. However, the company was taken over by the USAs biggest brand Wal-Mart. Though, it has been taken over by the Wal-Mart, the brand name didnt change and the old brand name successfully promoted by the Wal-Mart which is completely efficient strategic decision (Bagozzi Foxall, 2009). This strategy has brought some opportunities for Asda, as well as threats. This is relevant in all business practice that, the threats is existed in line with the opportunities. So the opportunities and threats need to identify to attempt for the best alternative action in the market. In the following the opportunities and threats is identified (Lewis and Slack, 2003). Opportunities Threats Sufficient Shareholder More brands but lower selling of high brand products. Currently second largest supermarket chain in UK Asda cannot be compared with TESCO(first biggest supermarket chain) Provides best value rather money to the retailer Focus on selling of Asdas product rather the big brand like Nestle, Cadbury, Proctor and Gamble, Unilever. Having high profit margin Less stores compared to the competitors Efficient procurement system Focus on great profit Table: Opportunities and Threats of Asda. 4. Requirement Four 4.1 Techniques to Assess Customer Response The assessment of the customer response is fully depends on the activities of the firms performance in the firms activity sector. Moreover, the techniques of the customer response are highly developed on the assessment and measurement of the financial planning in which the customer survey is considered as the best way to assess the customer response Doyle, P. (2008). Besides, the customer survey, an organization can assess the different yardsticks which are described in the following part of the paper. Productive Performance Indicator: The productivity of the organization will be increased when the customer response is developed. Because, the sales of the product is increased and the demand for the product also increased in line with the sales. Then, a company try to increase the productivity is increased. Then the organization can easily trace the customer responses. Financial Performance: when the customer response is positive the financial performance is upward. Because, the increased sales contribute to increase the profit margin which make the company profitable. The positive performance brings the customer response. Quality Performance: if the organization offers the better products in the market the customer try to take the full responsibility which increases the product sales. The quality performance is able when the continuous selling is running. Response Cycle Time: The customer who intends to response with the product quality then the repeat purchase increase. The sales volume represent whether the customer making the repeat purchase. This indicates the customer response of the organization. 4.2 Customer Satisfaction Survey To assess the customer satisfaction the direct survey is continued which has logical collaboration of the abandon item. But, most of the cases the survey questions do not matched with the customer satisfaction level and the perceived customer value are highly merged with customer experience (Catherine, 2011). Here, the questionnaire for customer survey is as follows. What is your gender? Which range indicates your age? How long the products are used? Which product and services is preferred by the organization to serve you. How frequent the purchasing of the products needs. The rating of the overall satisfaction level to customer level. Will you recommend to your friend and family to buy from this product. The brand attributes need to be argued or not? Rating the companys product. Which logo customer beliefs to make brand relation? How satisfied you overall with the products attributes? Is the firm is able to support your problems? If the product dont be able how the staff are offer to serve recent problems? How efficient the customer service system of the organization. This question is designed with the options which have the logical structure of the satisfied, strongly satisfied, not satisfied, and neutral. This survey result will help to find out the actual result of the survey. 4.3 Review of the Survey The survey questionnaire brings the data of specific problems and weaknesses of the organization. The term customer satisfaction will be measured when the result of the survey report will be submitted. Moreover, the actual results will carry the recent information which is carried by the research objectives (Catherine, 2011). Customer satisfaction will be brought when the result of the survey will be positive. However, the results may positive or negative both is expected. When the result will be positive the company will try to maximize the service components and features. On the other hand, if the result is negative the organization may take action to make the product development with the special feature comparing the competitors. The customer service provides the special features of the recommendation which develop the marketing activities. Training Plan The training session for the 10 mid level manage will be focused on the key procedures of the market research techniques. The market research techniques is designed to develop the authentic collaboration with the different techniques of research, how to bring the actual result, how to response with the negative result. This system will be enhanced when the research is designed to develop the specific actions of the research techniques. The ten midlevel manager will able to carry out the research of the organization. Conclusion In brief, the high level of value adds the high level of the organizations performance. The customer service is designed to provide the actual results which are demonstrated the individual customers (Bagozzi Foxall, 2009). However, the firms need to focus on the after sale service to bring the customer response which bring the brand equity in line with the corporate image. So, the research and development is the necessary part to know whether the customer is satisfied or not. Finally, the satisfied customer bring the huge benefit for the organization in long run with profitability and growth.

A Night at Gatsby ´s Mansion :: The Great Gatsby

A Night at Gatsby  ´s Mansion There was a clear combination of the people that went to the party, high society people with lots of money, people with much less money and new rich people. Gatsby  ´s party was the result of an intense preparation made buy Gatsbys servants. There was a huge amount of the finest food around, tons of alcohol was served and of course that was not problem at all for there was a transport system for the wasted fellows. This was the perfect place for people to show all their finest suites, it was the place where lights and colors gleamed until daylight, when the last guests left the party. It is amazing how people arrived to the party without being invited, they arrived to the mansion, drunk it all, create a huge mess and then left, these where all people who hide themselves under bright colorful dresses, identity was not an important fact at the mansion for it was impossible to determine how people really where due to the shallowness of them, but this was of no concern to the host for he was never around. As I said people got drunk a created a terrible mess for the servants to clean the day after. What happened outside the manor was really a show, people dancing inside the pool, others puking in the bushes, some others trying not to be seen when they consumed drugs, but for our controvert journalist that was impossible for he was very concerned about everything that happened in the party. What might have seemed as the dream party was just an illusion because what really happened at the party was hiding in an underworld of lies, as a matter of fact dirty business where taking place mostly with frequent guests like Meyer Wolfshier the most known gangster in New