The Tragedy Of Prince Hamlet - 1611 Words

Tani Mercado 3/16/15 ERWC Mr. Howes The Tragedy of Prince Hamlet King Hamlet’s death left a mark on everyone in the castle, after a while that all began to change when Claudius married Hamlet’s mother. Hamlet felt that everybody should be mourning his father’s death, and he felt betrayed by the sudden marriage. Hamlet becomes mad once he sees his father as a ghost and seeks to avenge his father’s death, not knowing that this would lead to his death. The grief of King Hamlet’s death and the reactions of his loved ones changed Prince Hamlet’s life by showing signs of post-traumatic stress disorder. King Hamlet’s death left a big mark on his son Prince Hamlet, he was Hamlets idol. Hamlet wanted to commit suicide because he was still mourning the death of his father, but he didn’t because he thought of the consequences of purgatory, where he would not go to heaven or hell but remain as a lost soul in the world (â€Å"Hamlet’s†) These reactions relate to PTSD because Hamlet cannot l et his father go and he also suffers by the reactions of his loved ones who are calm and happy for Gertrude and Claudius. Less than two months after his father’s death, Hamlet noticed the reactions of his loved ones, his mother married King Hamlet’s brother Claudius whom became king after King Hamlet died, no one had an issue with their marriage the only one who was disturbed by the marriage was Prince Hamlet and he was disturbed by the reactions of his loved ones and everybody else. As the marriageShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare1230 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare wrote his longest, most influential and powerful tragedy, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play stages the revenge that a young prince seeks against his uncle for murdering his father, inheriting the throne, and subsequently marrying his mother. Prince Hamlet, a university student, is an extremely philosophical and thoughtful character. When his father the King of Denmark dies, Hamlet returns home only to be presented with evidence that suggestsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark, By William Shakespeare917 Words   |  4 Pages In the play of â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark†, by William Shakespeare. Revenge was the cause of the characters in Hamlet to act recklessly through rage and emotions, in a certain degree of reason. This has been there core value of an eye for an eye; this is not the best way to deal with a problem. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet wanted nothing more than to avenge their father’s death. They acted on impulsive emotions that was determination by the need for revenge for the deathRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet, Prince Of Denmark, Gertrude And Ophelia1514 Words   |  7 PagesKaaiz Rana Timothy McNeil ENG 95 S 17th June 2016 Ophelia Verses Gertrude In the play â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark†, Gertrude and Ophelia share similar characteristics. Gertrude is the queen of Denmark and also the mother to hamlet, and Ophelia is the daughter of Polonius, sister to Laertes and hamlet’s love. As a mother it is a maternal instinct to be loving, kind, caring and be there for your child during times of strife and joy. In contrast, a girlfriend or partner is also someoneRead More The Tragic Hero of Hamlet Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragic Hero of Hamlet    Shakespeares play, Hamlet illustrates the tragedy of a young princes pursuit to obtain revenge for a corrupt act, the murder of his father.  Ã‚   As the exposition unfolds, we find Prince Hamlet struggling with internal conflict over who and what was behind his fathers death.   His struggle continues as he awaits the mystic appearance of a ghost who is reported to resemble his father.   Suddenly it appears, proclaiming, Pity me not, but lend thy serious hearing / ToRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1483 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet is a misfortunate play that exhibits Prince Hamlet’s internal and external conflicts which show the ultimate purpose of the story. Revenge is perhaps the greatest theme in Hamlet, and is shown by the conflicts Prince Hamlet has with his family, friends, and a girlfriend as well as within his self. The anguish Hamlet feels towards his new father and his mother is magnified by the di scovery that they were both involved in his father, the king’s, murder. ThisRead MoreHamlet vs. Oedipus Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus in Oedipus King by Sophocles In Aristotles literary discourse, Poetics, he discusses his theory of tragedy, wherein he introduces the concepts of tragic flaw or hamartia, which serves as the catalyst for the protagonists downfall or the tragedy of the story to happen. He determines a tragedy as a drama that brings about a sorrowful conclusion, arousing fear and pity in the audience (Roberts and JacobsRead MoreHamlet: A Quest for Revenge Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesMany scholars classify William Shakespeares The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark as a revenge tragedy, a genre popular during the Elizabethan era (Gainor 41). Shakespeares tragedy focuses on three sons–Hamlet, Laertes, and Fortinbras–seeking retribution for the unfortunate death of their fathers– King Hamlet, Polonius, and King Fortinbras respectively. In the play, the father-son relationship is the primary motivator for each sons revenge. Because Elizabethan society places a strong emphasisRead MoreHamlet, Prince of Denm ark825 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, Prince of Denmark By William Shakespeare Submitted by: Tariq Khan Dated: Monday, 24th September, 2012 Hamlet as a Tragedy by William Shakespeare 1.1. Brief Introduction to Tragedy: Greek and English: Elizabethan tragedy is traced back to Greek tragedy, since Greeks are said to have pioneered the Western knowledge, be it Science, Arts, or Humanities—not necessarily Technology. The rich contribution of Greek dramatists like Sophocles, Euripides, Aeschylus and AristophanesRead MoreWeaknesses Of Hamlet837 Words   |  4 PagesThe Weaknesses of Hamlet Hamlet, the immortal classic in the historical literature written by Shakespeare, has been studied and respected by countless literati in the early 17th century. The story is filled with the shadow of death and the emotion of tragedy, beginning with the emergence of death and ending with death. In this tragedy, Hamlet is the representative work and has long been loved by people. In terms of the inner performance of the character, Hamlet is the most confusing, or the mostRead MoreEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet For several thousands of years, drama has existed among mankind. The ancient Greeks are accredited with the creation of drama, which began as simple religious rituals and eventually evolved into the more complex forms of tragedies and comedies. The first rules of drama, not surprisingly, were also written by a Greek--the famous philosopher and intellectual, Aristotle. Aristotle took note of the what qualities created a successful dramatic piece

The Bretton Woods System Essay - 2073 Words

The period referred to as the Golden Age was between 1950 and 1973. There was rapid growth in the US economy during this time, the economies of Europe and Japan also had very high rates of growth. The world’s advanced countries spurred a commodities boom which benefited natural resource-rich countries such as the oil rich ones in the Middle East, as well as the industrial nations of East Asia i.e. Singapore, Thailand, China etc. The Bretton Woods Conference, which is officially known as the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference took place from July 1 to July 22 in 1944, in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in the United States. It was a gathering of delegates from 44 different countries that met in order to try and formulate a†¦show more content†¦The countries that joined the IMF between 1945 and 1971 had initially agreed to keep their exchange rates at rates that could be adjusted only in instances to correct a fundamental disequilibrium in the balance of payments, and only with the IMFs agreement. This system prevailed until 1971, when the U.S. government suspended the convertibility of the dollar, as well as the dollar reserves held by other governments, into gold. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) is probably the world’s single most important source of financial aid for developing nations. It was one of the institutions founded in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference to help Europe recover from World War II. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is only one of five institutions that make up the organization known as the World Bank Group. IBRD is the part of the World Bank that works with creditworthy poorer as well as middle-income countries by promoting sustainable, equitable and job-creating growth, reduce poverty and address issues of regional and global importance. It ccommenced operations on June 25, 1946, and then approved its first loan on May 9, 1947. This third major institution was simply the set of rules for the monetaryShow MoreRelated The Bretton Woods System Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pages The theme of this essay outlines two things. One, the key elements of Bretton woods system and second, the characterisation of Bretton woods system by Ruggie as ‘embedded liberalism’, and how far he succeeds in it. The Bretton woods system is widely referred to the international monetary regime, which prevailed from the end of the World War 2 until the early 1970s. After the end of the World War 2, the need of international monetary framework to boost trade and economic; growth andRead MoreHistory Of Bretton Woods System And Jamaica1436 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORY OF BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM AND JAMAICA BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM The Bretton Woods System was formed as a result of the collapse of the Golden Standard and The Great Depression. These closely related events prompted the need to establish an international monetary system, whose main aim was to revive the economies of the Post World War as well as fostering international economic relations that would end inter-war conflicts. Furthermore this historic event took place in July 1944 in New Hampshire wherebyRead MoreWas the Bretton Woods System successful?2025 Words   |  9 PagesWhat was the Bretton Woods System? The end of the World War II marked the beginning of a new era for the world economy. The Bretton Woods System refers to an agreement made at an international conference between 44 nations in 1944 at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States of America (hereby U.S.) on the 22nd of July 1944. It was aimed at maintaining stability in the monetary system in the post World War II period. â€Å"In an effort to free international trade and fund postwar reconstruction theRead MoreMechanism Behind The Foundation Of Bretton Woods System1693 Words   |  7 Pagesmechanism behind the foundation of Bretton Woods system and how this system worked from 1944 to 1973. Analysis includes the mechanism of the fixed exchange rate regime based on gold and the US dollar and also includes the factors and reasons that led the system to collapse. Background of Foundation of the Bretton Woods System As far back as the World War II, the United States has been attempting to replace the Great Britain, establishing a world currency system centred in US dollar. After the warRead MoreThe Bretton Woods System On The World s Natural Riches872 Words   |  4 Pagesmultinational corporations. The Bretton Woods system was aimed to boost the production and consumption of commodities. The World Bank and the IMF, led by the US, financed corporations and exploitation of resources. The Bretton Woods system was supposed to make use of the world’s natural riches. The fall of Communism in the world gave more power to the corporations and led to the creation of the free market system. The US government tried to help underdeveloped nations to export wood, livestock and other commoditiesRead MoreHow do you explain the rise and fall of the Bretton Woods system? and the creation of an optimal currency area?2535 Words   |  11 PagesHow do you explain the rise and fall of the Bretton Woods sys tem? How far the emergence of the Euro can be seen against the background of the need for exchange rate stability and the creation of an optimal currency area? 1) The rise and fall of the Bretton Woods system: The origins of the Bretton Woods system are to be found in the convergence of several key conditions: the shared experiences of the Great Depression, the concentration of power in a small number of states, and the presence of aRead MoreWhy did the Bretton Woods system came to an end?1504 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Why did the Bretton Woods system come to an end? The Bretton Woods system was created in July 1944 by the United States and its allies in order to formulate a plan for European recovery and create a new postwar international monetary and financial system that was supposed to encourage grow and development (Balaam, Dillam 2011). The Bretton Woods financial and monetary structure was supposed to ensure exchange rate stability and encourage its member countries to eliminated exchange rate restrictionsRead MoreThe Stystem Developed in the The Bretton Woods Conference862 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: The Bretton Woods Conference in New Hampshire in 1944 was a unique event in which representatives of two nations influenced the planning of the world monetary system (Scammell, 1982). The Article of Agreement was a negotiation between Britain and The United States, which was accepted and signed by 44 other nations (Ikenberry, 1933). The conference saw the establishment of the two most significant financial institutions, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development [WorldRead MoreThe Major Cornerstone For The U.s.s Economic Prosperity And International Hegemony1217 Words   |  5 PagesAs the major cornerstone for the U.S.’S economic prosperity and international hegemony, following the change of the Bretton Woods System to the Petrodollar system in 1971; I ve found the largest independent factor to influence American international interests has been the implementation and preserva The Petrodollar System From the Gold Standard To Black Gold By: Gibson J.T. Intro Behind the global power of the U.S. dollar, hides the most significant form of currency you ve probablyRead MoreRisk Is Everyone s Best Friend And Worst Nightmare1689 Words   |  7 Pagesgains. This causes market fluctuations, instability, and the like. We will examine these principles in the context of the pre- and post-1971 financial system with regards to the risk, innovation, and implications of the leaving the Bretton Woods system. The idea behind the Bretton Woods system was to standardize and stabilize the world financial system during and after WWII. This was done through a variety of means, the most important being regulating international exchange rates, tieing the US Dollar

Acute Pain Post-Op And Misuse Of Pca In An Elderly With

Acute pain post-op and misuse of PCA in an elderly with hip replacement operation RELEVANCE OF CASE Pain is formally identified as a problem of global proportions by WHO and postoperative pain is one of the most common types of pain that has raised a public health concern by various societies in Australia, USA and Europe. It affects roughly 40% of surgical patients who experiencing a moderate to severe pain. It is important that graduate RNs have the knowledge and clinical skills to care for these patients as management of acute post-op pain has posed a significant challenge in surgical specialities for the past 50 years. CASE PRESENTATION – NURSING ASSESSMENT Mrs. M’s information is currently collected from handover, her history, Mrs.†¦show more content†¦Pain that is undertreated can limit her post-op mobility and ability to participate actively in rehabilitation program. Mrs. M had pain at a level 5-8 during the night which indicates a moderate to intense pain that apparently interferes her sleep and probably limits her ability to perform normal daily activities. 5. Assess the effectiveness of PCA: Assess the PCA dose whether it met her needs. Mrs. M repeated multiple attempts PCA overnight, however the medication was not delivered successfully due to her lack of knowledge of using PCA so she only received 4mg/hr. Mrs. M could have got 6mg/ml in 1 hour if she understood instructions of using a PCA. 6. Vital signs assessment: Assess as per post-op protocol or more often if unstable to assess treatment effects, identify signs of clinical deterioration in an early stage and to detect any procedural complications. Mrs. M’s RR (respiratory rate) is 22bpm which is slightly elevated and could due to her pain, SaO2 (Oxygen saturations) is 95% which is a normal figure, she has an elevated BP of 145/90 that could result from her pain, a psychological problem such as anxiety about transferring or ambulating post-op or can even due to her cardiovascular history. Her T (Temperature) is 36.8 ° and P (Pulse) is 98bpm which are normal ranges. RR and SaO2 needs to be checked precisely because her PCA Morphine can cause potentially fatal opioid-related respiratory depression. This problem can lead to a possible need for critical care

Essay William Shakespeares Macbeth - 671 Words

William Shakespeares Macbeth William Shakespeare lived in an era where women possessed few political and private rights. Women were subjected to the will of men as men were thought to be greater morally, physically and intellectually. Shakespeare, as he was living in this hierarchical and patriarchal world, was subjected to this value system. His powerful and tragic play Macbeth, reflects aspects of this world but also challenges the very basis of its foundations with the use of the characters, Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, the Three Witches and Lady Macduff. These characters are not necessarily represented as traditional stereotypical type; this is inputted through the use of role reversal. It can†¦show more content†¦This is achieved through sexual taunting, powered by her own ambition, â€Å"when you durst do it, then you were a man† (1, 7, 49). Macbeth responds to her gibe with a clear sense of himself as a man, and as a human. â€Å"I dare do all that may become a man/who dares do more is noneà ¢â‚¬  (1, 7, 46-47). It is clear then, that Macbeth while typifying the dominating stereotypical masculine image of the time, one of courage, decisiveness and strength, is also plagued with a significant weakness, that of femininity. This serves to both uphold the values of the Elizabethan era, and to challenge them. In Lady Macbeths desire to unsex herself (â€Å"unsex me here† (1, 5, 40)), she seeks to provoke her husband to action by unabashedly attempting to portray herself as an example of the superior man. In doing so she succeeds in inverting the standard of male and female roles as they were prescribed by the Elizabethan Era. She demonstrates her great concern with her husband’s weak countenance saying, â€Å"Yet do I fear thy nature; / It is too full o’th’milk of human kindness / To catch the nearest way† (1, 5, 16-18). Lady Macbeth recognizes that her husband’s impressionable nature leaves him vulnerable. His inability to withstand the pressures of his conscience presents LadyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth749 Words   |  3 Pages1. Macbeth, the tragic hero in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, suffers from the fatal flaws of insecurity and indecision, allowing him to easily be manipulated, which causes the audience to feel sympathetic toward him. After Macbeth has heard the prophecy from the three witches and he has been named thane of Cawdor, he is led to a strong internal conflict: â€Å"If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair†¦ / Shakes so my single state of man that function / is smother’dRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth1401 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth At the beginning of the play, before Macbeth is introduced, the impression given is that he is a very good man indeed. It is as if he was a local hero and could do no wrong. The sergeant refers to him as brave Macbeth and Duncan says O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman! Duncan, the king, rewards Macbeth with the title, thane of Cawder, and the previous, treacherous thane having been sentenced to death. People speak of MacbethsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth2461 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth In Macbeth, look at the following scenes: Act one, scenes one, two and three, Act two, scene two, Act four, scene one and Act five, scenes three, six and seven. What did Macbeths character, words and actions show about changes in his character? Why are these scenes important to the plot and structure of the play and how the themes are presented? The play Macbeth is about a man whose rise to power and fall are influenced by his ownRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth Macbeth was a â€Å"butcher†, however he became that way as a result of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth was a fiend-like queen whose evilness declined after the murders. In the end of the play, however, Macbeth’s transformation was complete and he was a butcher. Main Body Topic 1 ================= Macbeth’s transition from good to evil by Lady Macbeth:  · Ambition was his only reason for killing the king – â€Å"I have no spur To prickRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Macbeth1483 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth During the Elizabethan era, the great chain of being reigned. Women were low on this chain of power, and men were on top. In fact, women were below horses; you couldn’t live without a good horse, but, you could live without a wife. Lady Macbeth was a woman before her time, she was caught between being today’s ambitious, powerful modern woman and a fragile creature of the Elizabethan era. In the first four acts of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is vicious, overly ambitiousRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth â€Å"This dead butcher† is not an accurate description of Macbeth. Macbeth did not give an impression of a â€Å"butcher† since he was affected by the death of Duncan. He had contemplated on the positive and negative points about killing Duncan before he committed the act of treason. However his ambition to be king and Lady Macbeth’s persuasiveness and mocking had overridden his sense and logic which caused him to commit this crime. He was consumedRead MoreEssay on William Shakespeares Macbeth647 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth In the tragic play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth decide, to kill King Duncan. In the play, we see the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth transform in their personality after murdering the King. Macbeth begins the play as a noble soldier, gradually changing into an ambitious murdering man. Similarly, Lady Macbeth is ambitious but she beginsRead MoreThe Letter in William Shakespeares Macbeth1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe Letter in William Shakespeares Macbeth Lady Macbeths reaction when she reads her husbands letter is powerful and dramatic.  · As soon as shes finished reading, she has decided she will make sure Macbeth is king Its as if she and her husband are thinking exactly the same thing. She does not hesitate for a moment.  · Lady Macbeth invites the spirits of evil to enter her She knows she has to steel herself, that the murder will need evil power, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth638 Words   |  3 Pagesagree? Well, in Macbeth manhood is concurrent with power, physical strength, courage, and force of will. Rarely though, is it bound to the ideals of moral fortitude or mentality. The motif of gender recurs many times in Shakespeare’s work. Being a â€Å"man† in Macbeth means that you must be physically capable, cruel, and do what ever it takes to accomplish one’s goals. Women were supposed to obey their husbands and be good. Evil from a woman was absolutely not permitted. The women in Macbeth are the fireRead MoreThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth William Shakespeares Macbeth has been a theatrical favorite since Elizabethan times. Its timeless themes of ambition, fate, violence, and insanity collaborate to produce a captivating plot. The audience traces the disintegration of a tragic hero and his willful wife. Lady Macbeth, one of Shakespeares most forcefully drawn female characters, plays an important role in the play Macbeth. She has a profound influence over the action

My First Day in College Free Essays

My first day in College On August 27, 2012, I began my first day at Petrocelli College. The morning was sunny and warm. I was fill with anticipation. We will write a custom essay sample on My First Day in College or any similar topic only for you Order Now I met my best friend from high school, Nathalie, at the bus stop. We both wonder what our first day would be like. My first day in College was overwhelming because of the excitement, stress and future outlook. I experience excitement. A new beginning is always exciting. For example, I was becoming independent and responsible for making my own decisions. I now have to pay for my college expenses by a work study job. I was also excited to see some students from my high school. For instance, my friend Richard is in all my classes. In addition, I was enthusiastic to meet my new professors and learn about the subjects I was going to be studying throughout the semester. I also experience stress throughout the day. For example, the costs of the books and the bus fare for commuting. In other words, I didn’t have enough money to pay it. I was struggling making new friends. Related reading: Monash College Moodle I’m a shy person and when it comes to socializing I get stressed out. I was confused with my schedule; I had too much time between classes. I was thinking too much on what I was going to do on those long breaks. In addition, my future outlook became focused. For example, I realize attending College was the first step I was taking to accomplish my future goals. I enjoy math and want to become an accountant. Majoring in business and accounting would ensure that I will earn a well paying salary. Therefore, I would be able to financially help my family, and to begin studies to earn a master’s degree. In conclusion, the excitement, stress and future outlook made my first day in college overwhelming. Beginning a new chapter in life initiate my day with excitement. But the financial, social and academic stress disturbs me during the day. It wasn’t only my first day in college it was also my first step in becoming an accountant and preparing my future. How to cite My First Day in College, Essay examples

Corruption In Table Tennis - Free Sample Assignment Solution

Question: Discuss about the Corruption in Table Tennis. Answer: Introduction Over the years, sports have turned out to be one of the biggest economic force. By the year 2008, it was estimated that the sports industry generated an average of 2.5 to 3.5 of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Bures, 2008). When it comes to professional sports, there has been a significant growth in the supply of money that has resulted to the commercialization of sports from football, basketball, volleyball, tennis and table tennis among others. On a much more positive note, this has led to sports development, the building of new sports infrastructures like arenas or stadiums, live television and internet transmission of sports games to billions of people, and generations of funds to nurture and support new talent. Above all, this has turned out to be a source of employment for many athletes. This has been the case with table tennis, a sport whose popularity and growth to international scenes has largely been influenced and dominated by the Asian countries, especially the Chinese even though this was a western game. As it is common in most cases, where there is a massive flow of money, there is usually the possibility of occurrence of corruption. According to Byers (2015), corruption in sports can be defined as any form of immoral, unethical or illegal activity that is meant to or endeavors to intentionally change the results of a sporting competition, for the personal material gain of an individual or a group of people involved. Byers (2015) further notes that from an economic standpoint, any activity whose focus is to earn money by influencing or changing an outcome of a sporting contest through bribery, losing a game in return for a monetary or non-monetary compensation can as well be placed under corruption in sports. The common forms of corruption found in sports range from match-fixing, embezzlement of funds, bribery during the selection of host nations, manipulating results, corruption in the election of sporting bodies leaders, and transfers of players. Match fixing in Table tennis There are few reported cases of some of the above-mentioned forms of corruption in table tennis. In 2011, the former president of the Singapore Table Tennis Association (STTA), Choo Wee Khiang was arraigned in court for corruption and criminal breach of trust (Concha, 2011). Dating back to 2005, Choo accepted a bribe from table tennis player Liu Zhongze through the assistant coach. In return, Liu was to be given more opportunities to represent the STTA in international tournaments. It can be argued that this kind of behavior is influenced by players whose focus is to earn more from the rewards given to winners and participants in world tours. According to the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), players are awarded monetary prize during the world tour grand finals (tournaments) based on the stage a player will reach. For example, in Mens single, Quarterfinalists will earn $7,500, semi-finalists $15,000 and the winner goes home with $60,000 ("I T T F prize_money", 2016).The a llure of this high amount of prize money has forced players to engage in corruption by bribing the association feels on their way to participate in these major tournaments. However, the most prominent form of corruption in table tennis is match-fixing, which is meant to influence the results of a game. In organized sports, when a match is played to a pre-determined result, this is referred to as match fixing as it violates the rules of the game. This is a common problem in some of the sports like basketball, football, tennis, and volleyball among others. There are several reasons for match fixing though this is mostly connected to betting, whether legal or illegal (Bures, 2008). In such an instance, the motive is for financial gain, and this could be linked to organized crime working in collaboration with players who will earn from throwing away a match. Aside from financial reasons, games can be fixed by sports officials, coaches or players so as to gain favorable advantages during the tournaments. In an online article, Tan (2014) acknowledges that Chinese players have been a formidable force in table tennis over the years given the comprehensive train ing the players undergo. Despite that, the most reported cases of table tennis match-fixing have been by the Chinese teams. Following allegations of match fixing which during the 2012 London Olympics, it was later revealed that China had a long history of match-fixing involving its players. According to Tan (2014), the first recorded case of match-fixing occurred during the 1961 world championships that were held in Beijing. Li Furong was instructed by the leaders to let Zhuang Zedong win. This was a pre-determined result that was followed by into the next two season finals when the two players met again in the finals. Though not for financial reasons, this was meant to exalt the status of the Chinese players on the world stage as a three-consecutive times champion. Aside from the national pride, China had also resort to match fixing as a form of punishment to players, who despite being better than their opponents, were considered disobedient and problematic. A case example is during the 1981 world championships finals in the womens singles finals. Despite Cao Yanhua winning all matches in the squad competitions against Tong Ling, Cao was instructed to let Tong win (Tan, 2014). Match fixing involving players from the same team has also been favored by coaches who feel that a particular player in the team has a better chance of winning against a particular opponent. According to the National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC America), this match fixing by officials was reported in 1987during the world championship ("Table Tennis 101: History", 2016). After Dai Lilli had been defeated by the Korean Yang Young Ja, the Chinese coaches asked He Zhili to concede against fellow teammate Guan Jianhua whom they saw had a higher chance of winning against the Korean. In defiance, He Zhili ignored this and went ahead to defeat Guan and the Korean to win the finals (Tan, 2014). The following year, before the Seoul Games, Chinese officials dropped He Zhili from the team despite being the reigning champion in womens singles. It was later revealed that this was punishment after refusing to throw away a match against Guan Jianhu. In contrary to Ze Hilli who defied her coachs or ders, in the 2012 Olympics, Wang Hao obeyed the orders from his coach to loose against Zhang Jike. In an appearance on a local television show, Wang Haos coach noted that this match-fixing was in favor of the teams performance in the mens doubles final (Tan, 2014). The reasoning was that compared to other team mates, Wang Hao was capable of mentally withstanding a loss in the finals without having any impact on the performance of the mens double finals where he was to team up with Zhang Jike. This fixing paid off as Zhang and Wang went on to win the mens doubles finals. In a summary, from the research conducted on corruption in table tennis, match fixing involving players and coaches from the same team is common, especially with the Chinese teams. As discussed, the motive is to bring pride and glory to the nation, at times as punishment to players deemed disobedient in addition to increasing the chance of a team winning medals in the tournaments. Coaches mostly perpetrate this match fixing. Mobile betting as an emerging form of corruption in sports Siegel and Packham (2016) points out that the rapid rise in mobile betting has transformed international sports gambling faster than regulators can control or react to. This has been fueled by the revolution and growth in internet technology that has made it possible for anyone to access both the legal and illegal betting sites that are mushrooming from almost everywhere. As a result, the betting industry is now flooded with a lot of cash that has a significant contribution to the corruption scandals recently witnessed in football and the tennis game among other sports. In a more worrying and growing trend, there are various reported and ongoing cases that some athletes are involved in betting or approached by individuals to throw away matches in return of huge cash payouts. Earlier in the year before the opening of the Australia Open tennis, following an investigation by BuzzFeed News and the BBC, Blake and Templon (2016) reported that a significant number of tennis players ranked among the top 50 in the world were involved in match-fixing and betting. After analyzing the betting patterns where suspicious bets had been placed against some of the winners of the singles and doubles grand slam tournaments, 16 players were found to have deliberately thrown the game. Even though this was dismissed by the Tennis Integrity Unit which conducted its investigation and found no evidence as reported by Rothenberg (2016), it will be unwise to reject the report by BuzzFeed and BBC. NBC reports that experts believe one-on-one sports like tennis can be easily fixed compared to other team sports like football or rugby. This supported in an article by Lebaneses The Daily Star ("Mobile betting fuels corruption concerns", 2016). Besides, the large disparity of money paid to top players and the lower or upcoming players has made the sport more susceptible to corruption. Players are likely to be approached by organized betting criminal gangs who would offer quite an attractive high payout to players compared to prize money offered in tournaments for them to lose matches ("Fears of corruption, match-fixing in professional tennis driven by earnings gap between journeymen and star players on tour", 2016). On January 25th this year, Australian player Nick Lindahl pleaded guilty to deliberately losing a match after informing bettors in advance that he is going to throw away the match (Eddie, 2016). Aside from being offered money to lose matches, some players are participating in betting by placing bets on their games, which is illegal. In this instance, the player goes on to lose the match. On 24th July, it was reported that Italian players Marco Cecchinato and Ricardo Accardi were barred for 18 months and one year respectively (Rothenberg, 2016). This followed an investigation into an ATP Challenger Tour quarterfinal match in October 2015. It was reveale d that Accardi and his father had used several accounts with different betting sites to place bets in a match where Cecchinato was the favorite but throw away. Were it not for the Autonomous Administration of State Monopolies that discovered the unusual large bets in favor of a weak opponent for Cecchinato, this could have passed unnoticed. With the emergence of many legal and illegal betting sites, it is increasingly becoming difficult for sports authorities to identify fixed matches and the individuals involved, whether players or not. This betting by players is likely to affect all types of sports, table tennis included. Conclusion Corruption in sports has become rampant, and it is increasingly difficult for authorities to detect with increased commercialization of sports. This has been made even more challenging by growth in internet technology which has resulted in the establishment of many gambling sites that has led to a high supply of money and organized crimes fueling corruption in sports. From the research conducted, even though there are little information or reported cases of corruption in table tennis, this does not imply that the sport is immune to corruption. The common form of corruption in table tennis has been identified as match fixing. Players, coaches, and officials collude to influence the results of a game. It has been widely reported on Chinese table tennis teams where coaches and officials have ordered the players to lose games. However, there may be a lot of unreported cases or those that have gone unnoticed in other countries as well. Furthermore, the development of mobile and internet t echnology has made gambling easily accessible to many people and players around the world. Nowadays, players are opening accounts with multiple betting sites under different aliases and proceed to bet on their opponent bearing in mind that they are going to throw away the games. With the existence of illegal sites, it is becoming difficult for authorities to detect such unethical behaviors. It is only through the analysis of betting patterns that suspicious activities could be identified. 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